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python根据图片创建画作

根据一张预设的图片，通过turtle画框，利用贝塞尔算法由点到线到面生成图画。

注意：

  1. speed是画画的速度，不能太快，不然会有落笔不见像素的情况出现，画完存在白点。
  2. 图片大小不能太大也不能太小，太大无法处理，如果300K以下会出现涂抹现象。我将图片压缩到100K左右还是出现涂抹。
  3. K=32是颜色数，颜色数越多画的越慢，性能耗费越高。K=40的情况下，电脑嗡嗡了三个小时，最好在30左右。
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import re
import os
import cv2
import turtle
import numpy as np
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from win32.win32api import GetSystemMetrics


# 定义一些常量，画框的长宽以及迭代的次数
WIDTH =600
HEIGHT = 600
NUM_SAMPLE = 15


# 输入为两个点，一阶，生成点
def Bezier_1(p0, p1, t):
	# (x, y)
	if len(p0) == 2 and len(p1) == 2:
		return p0[0] * (1 - t) + p1[0] * t, p0[1] * (1 - t) + p1[1] * t
	# (x) or (y)
	elif len(p0) == 1 and len(p1) == 1:
		return p0 * (1 - t) + p1 * t
	else:
		print('[Error]: Bezier_1 parameters error...')
		exit(-1)


# 二阶，生成线
def Bezier_2(p0, p1, p2):
	turtle.goto(p0)
	turtle.pendown()
	for t in range(0, NUM_SAMPLE+1):
		p = Bezier_1(Bezier_1(p0, p1, t/NUM_SAMPLE), Bezier_1(p1, p2, t/NUM_SAMPLE), t/NUM_SAMPLE)
		turtle.goto(p)
	turtle.penup()


# 三阶，连续扫描生成面
def Bezier_3(p0, p1, p2, p3):
	# 坐标变换
	p0 = -WIDTH/2 + p0[0], HEIGHT/2 - p0[1]
	p1 = -WIDTH/2 + p1[0], HEIGHT/2 - p1[1]
	p2 = -WIDTH/2 + p2[0], HEIGHT/2 - p2[1]
	p3 = -WIDTH/2 + p3[0], HEIGHT/2 - p3[1]
	turtle.goto(p0)
	turtle.pendown()
	for t in range(0, NUM_SAMPLE+1):
		p = Bezier_1(Bezier_1(Bezier_1(p0, p1, t/NUM_SAMPLE), Bezier_1(p1, p2, t/NUM_SAMPLE), t/NUM_SAMPLE), 
					 Bezier_1(Bezier_1(p1, p2, t/NUM_SAMPLE), Bezier_1(p2, p3, t/NUM_SAMPLE), t/NUM_SAMPLE), t/NUM_SAMPLE)
		turtle.goto(p)
	turtle.penup()


# Attrs生成器
def yieldAttrs(attrs):
	for attr in attrs:
		if attr.isdigit():
			yield float(attr)
		elif attr[0].isalpha():
			yield attr[0]
			yield float(attr[1:])
		elif attr[-1].isalpha():
			yield float(attr[0: -1])
		elif attr[0] == '-':
			yield float(attr)


# 画图(SVG)，文件名，颜色，速度等
def drawSVG(filename, color, is_first=True, speed=1000):
	svgfile = open(filename, 'r')
	soup = BeautifulSoup(svgfile.read(), 'lxml')
	height = float(soup.svg.attrs['height'][0: -2])
	width = float(soup.svg.attrs['width'][0: -2])
	scale = tuple(map(float, re.findall(r'scale\((.*?)\)', soup.g.attrs['transform'])[0].split(',')))
	scale = scale[0], -scale[1]
	if is_first:
		turtle.setup(height=height, width=width)
		# 设置坐标系(画布左下角的x坐标, 画布左下角的y坐标, 画布右上角的x坐标, 画布右上角的y坐标)
		turtle.setworldcoordinates(-width/2, 300,width-width/2, -height+300)
	# 基础设置
	turtle.tracer(100)
	turtle.pensize(1)
	turtle.speed(speed)
	turtle.penup()
	turtle.color(color)
	for path in soup.find_all('path'):
		attrs = path.attrs['d'].replace('\n', ' ')
		attrs = attrs.split(' ')
		attrs_yield = yieldAttrs(attrs)
		endl = ''
		for attr in attrs_yield:
			if attr == 'M':
				turtle.end_fill()
				x, y = attrs_yield.__next__() * scale[0], attrs_yield.__next__() * scale[1]
				turtle.penup()
				turtle.goto(-WIDTH/2+x, HEIGHT/2-y)
				turtle.pendown()
				turtle.begin_fill()
			elif attr == 'm':
				turtle.end_fill()
				dx, dy = attrs_yield.__next__() * scale[0], attrs_yield.__next__() * scale[1]
				turtle.penup()
				turtle.goto(turtle.xcor()+dx, turtle.ycor()-dy)
				turtle.pendown()
				turtle.begin_fill()
			elif attr == 'C':
				p1 = attrs_yield.__next__() * scale[0], attrs_yield.__next__() * scale[1]
				p2 = attrs_yield.__next__() * scale[0], attrs_yield.__next__() * scale[1]
				p3 = attrs_yield.__next__() * scale[0], attrs_yield.__next__() * scale[1]
				turtle.penup()
				p0 = turtle.xcor()+WIDTH/2, HEIGHT/2-turtle.ycor()
				Bezier_3(p0, p1, p2, p3)
				endl = attr
			elif attr == 'c':
				turtle.penup()
				p0 = turtle.xcor()+WIDTH/2, HEIGHT/2-turtle.ycor()
				p1 = attrs_yield.__next__() * scale[0] + p0[0], attrs_yield.__next__() * scale[1] + p0[1]
				p2 = attrs_yield.__next__() * scale[0] + p0[0], attrs_yield.__next__() * scale[1] + p0[1]
				p3 = attrs_yield.__next__() * scale[0] + p0[0], attrs_yield.__next__() * scale[1] + p0[1]
				Bezier_3(p0, p1, p2, p3)
				endl = attr
			elif attr == 'L':
				x, y = attrs_yield.__next__() * scale[0], attrs_yield.__next__() * scale[1]
				turtle.pendown()
				turtle.goto(-WIDTH/2+x, HEIGHT/2-y)
				turtle.penup()
			elif attr == 'l':
				dx, dy = attrs_yield.__next__() * scale[0], attrs_yield.__next__() * scale[1]
				turtle.pendown()
				turtle.goto(turtle.xcor()+dx, turtle.ycor()-dy)
				turtle.penup()
				endl = attr
			elif endl == 'C':
				p1 = attr * scale[0], attrs_yield.__next__() * scale[1]
				p2 = attrs_yield.__next__() * scale[0], attrs_yield.__next__() * scale[1]
				p3 = attrs_yield.__next__() * scale[0], attrs_yield.__next__() * scale[1]
				turtle.penup()
				p0 = turtle.xcor()+WIDTH/2, HEIGHT/2-turtle.ycor()
				Bezier_3(p0, p1, p2, p3)
			elif endl == 'c':
				turtle.penup()
				p0 = turtle.xcor()+WIDTH/2, HEIGHT/2-turtle.ycor()
				p1 = attr * scale[0] + p0[0], attrs_yield.__next__() * scale[1] + p0[1]
				p2 = attrs_yield.__next__() * scale[0] + p0[0], attrs_yield.__next__() * scale[1] + p0[1]
				p3 = attrs_yield.__next__() * scale[0] + p0[0], attrs_yield.__next__() * scale[1] + p0[1]
				Bezier_3(p0, p1, p2, p3)
			elif endl == 'L':
				x, y = attr * scale[0], attrs_yield.__next__() * scale[1]
				turtle.pendown()
				turtle.goto(-WIDTH/2+x, HEIGHT/2-y)
				turtle.penup()
			elif endl == 'l':
				dx, dy = attr * scale[0], attrs_yield.__next__() * scale[1]
				turtle.pendown()
				turtle.goto(turtle.xcor()+dx, turtle.ycor()-dy)
				turtle.penup()
	turtle.penup()
	# turtle.hideturtle()
	turtle.update()
	svgfile.close()


# 画图(Bit)
def drawBit(img_bit, K=32):
	data = img_bit.reshape((-1, 3))
	data = np.float32(data)
	criteria = (cv2.TERM_CRITERIA_EPS, 10, 1.0)
	compactness, labels, centers = cv2.kmeans(data, K, None, criteria, 10, cv2.KMEANS_RANDOM_CENTERS)
	centers = np.uint8(centers)
	data_compress = centers[labels.flatten()]
	img_new = data_compress.reshape(img_bit.shape)
	count = 0
	for center in centers:
		count += 1
		print('[INFO]: Drawing %dth color...' % count)
		part = cv2.inRange(img_new, center, center)
		part = cv2.bitwise_not(part)
		cv2.imwrite('.tmp.bmp', part)
		os.system('potrace.exe .tmp.bmp -s --flat')
		if count == 1:
			drawSVG('.tmp.svg', '#%02x%02x%02x' % (center[2], center[1], center[0]), True)
		else:
			drawSVG('.tmp.svg', '#%02x%02x%02x' % (center[2], center[1], center[0]), False)
	os.remove('.tmp.bmp')
	os.remove('.tmp.svg')
	print('[INFO]: All done!')
	turtle.done()


if __name__ == '__main__':
	img_path = './wh.jpg'
	img_bit = cv2.imread(img_path)
	# 画图时的颜色数
	K = 32
	# 避免照片过大
	if img_bit.shape[0] > GetSystemMetrics(1):
		width = int(img_bit.shape[1] * ((GetSystemMetrics(1) - 50) / img_bit.shape[0]))
		height = GetSystemMetrics(1) - 50
		img_bit = cv2.resize(img_bit, (width, height))
	drawBit(img_bit, K)

有人学python去做web开发、数据分析、爬虫，我本来也是想学了python找工作的，现在在给女孩子画画。

2023-11-14 该篇文章被 邓胖胖 归为分类: 奇技淫巧